Batteri ya Litiyumu ifite ibyiza byo gutwara no kwishyurwa byihuse, none kuki bateri ya aside-aside hamwe nizindi batiri ya kabiri ikomeza kuzenguruka ku isoko?
Usibye ibibazo byigiciro hamwe nibisabwa bitandukanye, indi mpamvu ni umutekano.
Litiyumu nicyuma gikora cyane kwisi.Kuberako imiterere yimiti ikora cyane, mugihe icyuma cya lithium gihuye nikirere, kizagira okiside ikaze hamwe na ogisijeni, bityo ikunda guturika, gutwikwa nibindi bintu.Byongeye kandi, redox reaction nayo izagaragara imbere muri bateri ya lithium mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora.Guturika no gutwika bidatinze biterwa ahanini no kwegeranya, gukwirakwizwa no kurekura batiri ya lithium nyuma yo gushyuha.Muri make, bateri ya lithium izatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora, ibyo bizatuma izamuka ryubushyuhe bwimbere bwa bateri hamwe nubushyuhe butaringaniye hagati ya bateri imwe, bityo bigatuma imikorere ya bateri idahungabana.
Imyitwarire idahwitse ya batiri ya lithium-ion yumuriro (harimo kwishyuza bateri no kurenza urugero, kwishyuza byihuse no gusohora, umuzunguruko mugufi, imiterere yimikoreshereze yimashini, ubushyuhe bukabije bwumuriro, nibindi) birashoboka ko byatera ingaruka mbi muri bateri kandi bigatanga ubushyuhe, kwangiza mu buryo butaziguye firime ya pasiporo kuri electrode mbi kandi nziza ya electrode nziza.
Hariho impamvu nyinshi zitera impanuka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwa bateri ya lithium ion.Ukurikije ibiranga imbarutso, birashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwo gukoresha nabi imashini, gukoresha amashanyarazi no gukoresha nabi ubushyuhe.Gukoresha imashini: bivuga acupuncture, gusohora n'ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa no kugongana kw'imodoka;Gukoresha amashanyarazi: mubisanzwe biterwa no gucunga nabi voltage cyangwa gutsindwa kwamashanyarazi, harimo umuzunguruko mugufi, kwishyuza birenze urugero;Ubushyuhe bukabije: buterwa n'ubushyuhe buterwa no gucunga nabi ubushyuhe.
Ubu buryo butatu bwo gukurura burafitanye isano.Gukoresha imashini bizatera ubusanzwe guhindura cyangwa guturika kwa diaphragm ya batiri, bikavamo guhuza bitaziguye hagati yinkingi nziza nibibi bya bateri hamwe numuyoboro mugufi, bikaviramo gukoresha amashanyarazi;Nyamara, mugihe cyo gukoresha nabi amashanyarazi, kubyara ubushyuhe nkubushyuhe bwa Joule byiyongera, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwa bateri bwiyongera, bikavamo gukoreshwa nabi nubushyuhe, bikarushaho gukurura ubwoko bwurunigi rwerekana ubushyuhe imbere muri bateri, amaherezo bikaviramo kubaho. ya bateri yubushyuhe.
Amashanyarazi ya bateri yatewe no kuba ubushyuhe bwo kubyara ubushyuhe bwa bateri burenze cyane igipimo cy’ubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe bukusanyirizwa ku bwinshi ariko ntibutangwe mu gihe.Mubyukuri, "guhunga ubushyuhe" nuburyo bwiza bwo gutanga ibitekerezo byingaruka: kuzamuka kwubushyuhe bizatera sisitemu gushyuha, kandi ubushyuhe buzamuka nyuma ya sisitemu ishyushye, ari nako bizatuma sisitemu iba ishyushye.
Inzira yo guhunga ubushyuhe: iyo ubushyuhe bwimbere bwa bateri buzamutse, firime ya SEI hejuru ya firime ya SEI ibora munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi, ion ya lithium yashyizwe muri grafite izakorana na electrolyte na binder, bikarushaho kuzamura ubushyuhe bwa bateri hejuru kugeza kuri 150 ℃, kandi reaction nshya ya exothermic reaction izaba kuri ubu bushyuhe.Iyo ubushyuhe bwa bateri bugeze hejuru ya 200 ℃, ibikoresho bya cathode birabora, birekura ubushyuhe bwinshi na gaze, hanyuma bateri itangira kubyimba no gukomeza gushyuha.Lithium yashyizwemo anode yatangiye kwitwara hamwe na electrolyte kuri 250-350 ℃.Ibikoresho bya cathode byashizwemo bitangira kwangirika bikabije, kandi electrolyte ikagira reaction ya okiside ikaze, ikarekura ubushyuhe bwinshi, ikabyara ubushyuhe bwinshi na gaze nyinshi, bigatuma gutwika no guturika kwa batiri.
Ikibazo cyimvura ya lithium dendrite mugihe kirenze urugero: Nyuma ya batiri ya lithium cobalate imaze kwishyurwa byuzuye, ion nyinshi za lithium ziguma muri electrode nziza.Nukuvuga ko cathode idashobora gufata ion nyinshi za lithium zifatanije na cathode, ariko mugihe kirenze urugero, ioni ya litiro irenze kuri cathode izakomeza koga kuri cathode.Kuberako bidashobora kubamo byuzuye, lithium yicyuma izakora kuri cathode.Kubera ko iyi lithium yicyuma ari kristu ya dendritic, yitwa dendrite.Niba dendrite ari ndende cyane, biroroshye gutobora diaphragm, bigatera imbere imbere.Nkuko igice cyingenzi cya electrolyte ari karubone, aho itwika hamwe n’ahantu hatetse ni bike, bityo bizashya cyangwa biturike ku bushyuhe bwinshi.
Niba ari bateri ya polymer lithium, electrolyte iba colloidal, ikunda gutwikwa cyane.Kugirango iki kibazo gikemuke, abahanga bagerageza gusimbuza ibikoresho bya cathode bifite umutekano.Ibikoresho bya batiri ya lithium manganate ifite ibyiza bimwe.Irashobora kwemeza ko ion ya lithium ya electrode nziza ishobora kwinjizwa rwose mu mwobo wa karubone ya electrode itari nziza kuri leta yuzuye, aho kugira ibisigara bimwe na bimwe muri electrode nziza nka lithium cobalate, ibyo bikaba bimwe na bimwe birinda kubyara. dendrite.Imiterere ihamye ya lithium manganate ituma imikorere ya okiside iba munsi cyane ugereranije na lithium cobalate.Nubwo haba hari umuyoboro mugufi wo hanze (aho kuba umuzenguruko mugufi w'imbere), urashobora ahanini kwirinda gutwikwa no guturika biterwa n'imvura ya lithium.Litiyumu fer fosifate ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushobozi buke bwa okiside ya electrolyte, bityo ikagira umutekano mwinshi.
Gusaza kwinshi kwa batiri ya lithium ion bigaragazwa no kongera ubushobozi no kurwanya imbere imbere, kandi uburyo bwayo bwo gusaza bwimbere burimo gutakaza ibikoresho byiza kandi bibi no gutakaza ioni ya lithium.Iyo ibikoresho bya cathode bishaje kandi byangirika, kandi ubushobozi bwa cathode ntibuhagije, ibyago byo kwihinduranya kwa lithium biva muri cathode birashoboka cyane.Mugihe cyo gusohora hejuru, ubushobozi bwa cathode kuri lithium izamuka hejuru ya 3V, ikaba isumba ubushobozi bwo gusesa umuringa, bigatuma isenyuka ryumuringa.Iion z'umuringa zishonga zizagwa hejuru ya cathode hanyuma zikore dendrite y'umuringa.Dendrite y'umuringa izanyura muri diafragma, itera umuzenguruko mugufi w'imbere, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya bateri.
Byongeye kandi, ubukana burenze urugero bwa bateri zishaje bizagabanuka kurwego runaka, cyane cyane bitewe no kwiyongera kwimbere imbere no kugabanuka kwibintu byiza kandi bibi bikora, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwa joule bwiyongera mugihe cyo kwishyuza bateri.Mugihe kitarenze urugero, reaction zuruhande zirashobora gukururwa, bigatera ubushyuhe bwa bateri.Kubijyanye nubushyuhe bwumuriro, ubwihindurize bwa lithium kuva muri cathode bizatuma igabanuka rikabije ryumuriro wa bateri.
Mu ijambo, imikorere yumutekano ya bateri ishaje izagabanuka cyane, bizabangamira cyane umutekano wa bateri.Igisubizo gikunze kugaragara ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu za batiri hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS).Kurugero, bateri 8000 18650 zikoreshwa muri Tesla Model S zirashobora kumenya kugenzura mugihe nyacyo ibipimo bitandukanye bifatika bya batiri, gusuzuma imiterere ya bateri, no gukora isuzuma kumurongo no kuburira hakiri kare binyuze muri sisitemu yo gucunga bateri.Muri icyo gihe, irashobora kandi gukora gusohora no kugenzura ibicuruzwa mbere, kugenzura imikoreshereze ya batiri no gucunga amashyuza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-02-2022